Paraguay

Freedom of Association Indicator

The Labour Rights Index 2024 (LRI 2024) is a de-jure index covering 145 economies and structured around the working lifespan of a worker. In total, 46 questions or evaluation criteria are scored across 10 indicators. The overall score is calculated by taking the average of each indicator, with 100 being the highest possible score. The Index uses a rating system, ranging from “Total Lack of Decent Work” to “Decent Work”. The Labour Rights Index aims at an active contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals, by providing necessary (complementary) insights into de jure provisions on issues covered in particular by SDG8 (Decent Jobs), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG 16 (Strong Institutions). The Index is based on national labour legislation, applicable on 1 January 2024.

Paraguay’s overall score is 82.5 out of 100. The overall score for Paraguay is greater than the regional average observed across Latin America and The Caribbean (73). Within Latin America and The Caribbean, the highest score is observed in Brazil (85.5).

Paraguay ratified Convention No. 87 on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise (1948) in 1962 and Convention No. 98 on the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining (1949) in 1966.

Question

Answer

Score

Legal Basis

More Info

Does the law allow workers to form and join unions of their own choice?

No

0

§42 & 96 of the Constitution of Paraguay 1992; §283-302 of the Labour Code, 1993; CEACR C87 Obs. 2022

Does the law allow workers to bargain collectively with employers through their representative unions?

Yes

1

§97 of the Constitution of Paraguay 1992; §326-349 of the Labour Code, 1993; Decree No. 1732/2014

Does the law provide for the right to strike?

Yes

1

§97-98 of the Constitution of Paraguay 1992; §358-378 of the Labour Code, 1993

Does the law prohibit imposing of excessive sanctions against striking workers?

Yes

1

§368 of the Labour Code, 1993

Textual sources

A : National Law

National Labour Legislation

B : CEACR

CEACR: ILO Committee of Experts on Application of Conventions and Recommendations (latest report)

C : ITUC

ITUC: ITUC Global Rights Index

D : USDOS

USDOS: US Department of States' Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

LRI Country Score
The Labour Rights Index has 10 indicators and 46 sub-indicators. The LRI Country score averages 10 indicators and ranges between 0 and 100. The lowest and highest scorers are Nigeria (29/100) and Belgium/Greece (96/100). https://labourrightsindex.org/  

Freedom of Association Indicator
The Freedom of Association indicator is composed of 4 sub-indicators. Scoring is done through the binary method (0 or 1). The score ranges between 0-100. 

Trade union density rate (%)
The trade union density rate conveys the number of union members who are employees as a percentage of the total number of employees in the country. For updated statistics on trade union density, please check ILOSTAT

Collective bargaining coverage rate (%)
The collective bargaining coverage rate conveys the number of employees whose pay and/or conditions of employment are determined by one or more collective agreement(s) as a percentage of the total number of employees in the country. For updated statistics on collective bargaining coverage, please check ILOSTAT

SDG indicator 8.8.2
SDG indicator 8.8.2 measures national compliance with fundamental labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining or FACB). It ranges from 0 to 10, with 0 being the best possible score (indicating higher levels of compliance with FACB rights) and 10 the worst (indicating lower levels of compliance with FACB rights). It is based on six ILO supervisory body textual sources and national legislation.
For an updated assessment on SDG indicator 8.8.2, please check ILOSTAT. 

ITUC Global Rights Index 2024 Ratings
The ITUC Global Rights Index depicts the world’s worst countries for workers by rating 148 countries on a scale from 1 to 5+ on the degree of respect for workers’ rights. Violations are recorded each year from April to March.  For a detailed description of ratings and methodology, please follow the link

Information

Source: §42 & 96 of the Constitution of Paraguay 1992; §283-302 of the Labour Code, 1993; CEACR C87 Obs. 2022

B : CEACR

CEACR: ILO Committee of Experts on Application of Conventions and Recommendations

"Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention. Pending legislative issues. The Committee recalls that for many years it has been highlighting the inconsistency of certain provisions of the Labour Code with the Convention, specifically in respect of: -the requirement of an unduly large number of workers (300) to establish a branch trade union (section 292); -the prohibition on joining more than one union, whether at the level of the enterprise or industry, occupation or trade, or institution (section 293(c)); -the imposition of unduly demanding conditions of eligibility for office on the executive committee of a trade union (section 293(d) and 298(a)); -the requirement for trade unions to respond to all requests from the labour authorities for consultations or reports (sections 290(f) and 304(c)); -the obligation to provide a minimum service in the event of a strike in public services that are essential to the community without any requirement to consult the employers’ and workers’ organizations concerned (section 362); and -the requirement that, for a strike to be called, its sole purpose must be directly and exclusively linked to the workers’ occupational interests (sections 358 and 376(a)). The Committee recalls that in its previous observation, it noted the Government’s indication that it had requested ILO technical assistance and was recruiting an expert to formulate a draft bill to bring the Labour Code into line with ratified Conventions relating to freedom of association. The Committee regretsto note the Government’s indication that no such bill has yet been drafted. The Committee also notes, from the observations of the CUT–A, that no progress has been made in respect of the measures adopted by the Government regarding pending legislative questions. The Committee urges the Government, in consultation with the social partners, to take the necessary measures to align the Labour Code with the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to report on progress made in this respect and recalls that the Government may avail itself of ILO technical assistance."

Information

Source: §97 of the Constitution of Paraguay 1992; §326-349 of the Labour Code, 1993; Decree No. 1732/2014

Information

Source: §97-98 of the Constitution of Paraguay 1992; §358-378 of the Labour Code, 1993

Information

Source: §368 of the Labour Code, 1993

A : National Law

National Labour Legislation

"Article 368°.- As long as a strike is not declared illegal, the employer may not replace the strikers with other workers from outside the company."